Javadi Yeganeh, Mohammad Reza & Mohammad Reza JafarAghaee & Reza Mokhtari Esfehani (2011-2012) .Lootian Customs during Qajar. Jame-e Pazhuhiy_e farhangi (Sociological Cultural Studies). 2 (2): 77-99.

Lootian Customs during Qajar

Mohammad Reza Javadi Yeganeh

Mohammad Reza JafarAghaee

Ph.D. Candidate, University of National Defense

Reza Mokhtari Esfehani

MA of History, University of Tehran

Abstract

This paper examines the social morals and customs of Lootian in the Qajar period. Lootian was part of a chain that began with the Fotowat and continued through market guild and Ayyari. Although it was transformed in some course, but in the decline, it changed into Lootian and in the present century was changed to Lumpen (in the Marxist theories). There are some different and sometimes conflicting meaning of Lootian, from barefooted and poor, to Pederast. Also loot in its own language means Satiety. In this article, we explain LootianYs morals and their difference with Panties, and explain attitudes toward Lootian. And specifically, we explain LootianYs cover and their clothing components, their habitude, Lootian's languages and dialects, their funs and games, and their names and titles. Finally, rituals of Lootian are discussed and their competitions and fights in Muharram ceremonies were explained.

keywords: Lootian, Ayyaran, Fatian, Chivalric, Customs, Qajar.